Which of the following is a common measure to avoid phase to ground hazards?

The correct answer is that both proper grounding techniques and the use of rubber mats are common measures to avoid phase to ground hazards. Proper grounding is crucial in electrical systems because it provides a pathway for fault currents to safely dissipate into the earth, reducing the risk of electrical shock and equipment damage. Grounding ensures that conductive parts of electrical equipment do not become energized under fault conditions, thereby protecting workers from potential phase-to-ground electrical hazards.

Rubber mats are another essential safety measure. They are used as insulating barriers that protect workers from electrical shock when working near energized equipment or overhead power lines. The rubber material is an insulator that prevents current from passing through to the worker, significantly reducing the risk of injury from phase-to-ground contacts.

Combining both techniques enhances safety. Grounding provides an effective method to manage fault currents, while rubber mats add an extra layer of protection for personnel who may find themselves near live electrical components. The other choices, such as using metal equipment, do not contribute to preventing phase-to-ground hazards and may even increase risk if not properly managed.