In terms of electrical distribution, what is the primary purpose of a transformer?

A transformer is primarily used in electrical distribution to convert high voltage to low voltage, making it essential for the safe and efficient delivery of electricity to consumers. High-voltage electricity is transmitted over long distances to minimize energy loss during transmission. However, this high voltage is not suitable for use in homes and businesses, where lower voltages are required for most appliances and equipment.

Transformers step down the high voltage to a safer, usable level, allowing it to be distributed safely through local power lines. This process involves the principles of electromagnetic induction, where electrical energy is transferred between coils of wire, resulting in a reduction of voltage while maintaining the same overall power (in an ideal situation).

The other options serve different roles in the electrical distribution system. Generating electricity is the function of power plants, measuring current flow is related to ammeters or similar instruments, and maintaining power line integrity involves various protective measures and infrastructure maintenance, rather than the function of a transformer. Each of these serves its purpose but highlights the specialized role of transformers in voltage conversion.